The earliest known independent Moroccan state was the Berber kingdom of Mauretania, under King Baga. Following the March 1998 elections, a coalition government headed by opposition socialist leader Abderrahmane Youssoufi and composed largely of ministers drawn from opposition parties, was formed. Southeast of the Atlas mountains, near the Algerian borders, the climate becomes very dry, with long and hot summers. [2] The last Barbary lion in the wild was shot in the Atlas Mountains in 1922. The Moroccan government has launched a project to build a solar thermal energy power plant[115] and is also looking into the use of natural gas as a potential source of revenue for Morocco's government. Les étés sont secs et très chauds, avec des températures pouvant grimper au-dessus des 40 °C, et les précipitations sont quasiment absentes entre juin et septembre. The Moroccan government has been implementing reforms to improve the quality of education and make research more responsive to socio-economic needs. The country's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean eventually attracted the interest of European powers: In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier. [54] A month later, Spain agreed to leave the Spanish Sahara, soon to become Western Sahara, and to transfer it to joint Moroccan-Mauritanian control, despite the objections and threats of military intervention by Algeria. The authorities continue to prosecute both printed and online media which criticizes the government or the king (or the royal family). [168] These mostly rural regions are marked by numerous kasbahs (fortresses) and ksour (fortified villages) shaped by local geography and social structures, of which one of the most famous is Ait Benhaddou. Morocco was ranked as the first African country by the Economist Intelligence Unit's quality-of-life index, ahead of South Africa. The sovereign state of Morocco is a unitary semi-constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. Le mercredi 8 avril 2012 eut lieu l’inauguration du nouveau siège de la Banque populaire, en présence du président du groupe Banque populaire, Mohamed Benchaaboun, du gouverneur de la province de Nador, El Akel Benthami et du président du directoire de la BP Nador-Al Hoceima, Mohamed Allouch. The government is investing in trekking circuits. The constitution of 1996 theoretically allowed the king to terminate the tenure of any minister, and after consultation with the heads of the higher and lower Assemblies, to dissolve the Parliament, suspend the constitution, call for new elections, or rule by decree. nuqudy.com (2012-02-09)", "Morocco sets the goal of attracting 20 million tourists by 2020", "Yves Saint Laurent's Ashes Scattered In Marrakesh", http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0859768.html, http://taxsummaries.pwc.com/uk/taxsummaries/wwts.nsf/ID/Morocco-Corporate-Tax-credits-and-incentives, "Tanger Med Port Authority – Containers Activity", "Morocco – electricity production from coal sources", "Natural Gas to Fuel Morocco. Livestock are raised and forests yield cork, cabinet wood, and building materials. souhaitée] dont une cimenterie du groupe suisse Holcim[4]. Rock-influenced chaabi bands are widespread, as is trance music with historical origins in Islamic music. In 2014, Morocco adopted a national plan to increase progress on maternal and child health. Pour mener à terme cette énorme entreprise, il convient de rappeler qu'une société anonyme à capitaux publics, « Marchica Med », a été mise sur pied par un décret du 5 mars 2008. The Idrissids were ousted in 927 by the Fatimid Caliphate and their Miknasa allies. The most notable violence occurred in Oujda where Moroccans attacked French and other European residents in the streets. In general, apart from the southeast regions (pre-Saharan and desert areas), Morocco's climate and geography are very similar to the Iberian peninsula. Extreme heat and low moisture levels are especially pronounced in the lowland regions east of the Atlas range due to the rain shadow effect of the mountain system. In July 2011, the King won a landslide victory in a referendum on a reformed constitution he had proposed to placate the Arab Spring protests. Moroccan cuisine is considered as one of the most diversified cuisines in the world. In 1944, the Moroccan Cinematographic Center (CCM), the nation's film regulatory agency, was established. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0. [27] During the Upper Paleolithic, the Maghreb was more fertile than it is today, resembling a savanna, in contrast to its modern arid landscape. Morocco's relationships vary greatly between African, Arab, and Western states. [197] Moroccan youths experience a lower self-harm rate than the global index by an average of 4 encounters per year.[197]. A genre known as Contemporary Andalusian Music and art is the brainchild of Morisco visual artist/composer/oudist Tarik Banzi, founder of the Al-Andalus Ensemble. To meet the growing domestic demand, the Moroccan government invested more than $15 billion from 2010 to 2015 in upgrading its basic infrastructure.[111]. souhaitée]. The Moroccan government is heavily investing in tourism development, in 2010 the government launched its Vision 2020 which plans to make Morocco one of the top 20 tourist destinations in the world and to double the annual number of international arrivals to 20 million by 2020,[101] with the hope that tourism will then have risen to 20% of GDP. The Rif Mountains are located in the north of the country. [133] Morocco's once prominent Jewish minority has decreased significantly since its peak of 265,000 in 1948, declining to around 2,500 today. The technoparks host start-ups and small and medium-sized enterprises specializing in information and communication technologies (ICTs), 'green' technologies (namely, environmentally friendly technologies) and cultural industries. [68][69] This trade is unregulated and causing unknown reductions of wild populations of native Moroccan wildlife. Islamic literature, such as Quranic exegeses and other religious works such as Qadi Ayyad's Al-Shifa were influential. The country wields significant influence in both Africa and the Arab world, and is considered a regional power and a middle power. The proposal was encouraged by Moroccan allies such as the United States, France and Spain. Nador est une ville méditerranéenne, située au bord d'une immense lagune (lagune de Nador ou Mar Chica) au centre d'une riche région agricole et industrielle qui connaît actuellement un essor économique. The indigenous Berber tribes adopted Islam, but retained their customary laws. The direct exposure to the North Atlantic Ocean, the proximity to mainland Europe and the long stretched Rif and Atlas mountains are the factors of the rather European-like climate in the northern half of the country. In 2010, security forces stormed a protest camp in the Western Sahara, triggering violent demonstrations in the regional capital El Aaiún. Pork consumption is forbidden in accordance with Sharia, religious laws of Islam. Spectator sports in Morocco traditionally centered on the art of horsemanship until European sports—football, polo, swimming, and tennis—were introduced at the end of the 19th century. On 20 December 1777, Morocco's Sultan Mohammed III declared that American merchant ships would be under the protection of the sultanate and could thus enjoy safe passage. [183] As a result, Moroccan rugby was tied to the fortunes of France, during the first and second World War, with many Moroccan players going away to fight. Morocco is included in the European Union's European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) which aims at bringing the EU and its neighbours closer. [193] Morocco has made significant progress in reducing deaths among both children and mothers. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. lignes 01:Quartier Administratif <> ould botayab - souk joutiya, Lignes des transports urbains de Vectalia Nador, Agence pour l'aménagement du site de la lagune de Marchica, http://www.leseco.ma/finances/18585-banque-centrale-populaire-des-performances-au-beau-fixe.html, http://www.cdvm.gov.ma/sites/default/files/CP_BCP_S1_2014.pdf, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nador_(Maroc)&oldid=178790573, Article manquant de références depuis novembre 2011, Article manquant de références/Liste complète, Page avec coordonnées similaires sur Wikidata, Article manquant de références depuis juillet 2019, Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. Elle vise à accélérer la diffusion de nouvelles façons de construire et de rénover, accélérant ainsi la transition vers une économie verte du bâtiment, de la ville et des territoires Each region possesses its own specificities, thus contributing to the national culture and to the legacy of civilization. The UN maintains a small observer force in Western Sahara, where a large number of Morocco's troops are stationed. Enfin, entre 2020 et 2025, seront construits « les vergers de Marchica » dans le parc naturel de la lagune avec l'aménagement, sur quatorze ha, d'espaces réservés aux mobiles-home et à des villas fermettes[14]. Since the constitutional reform of 1996, the bicameral legislature consists of two chambers. Ce projet permettra de générer quinze mille emplois (quatre mille sept cents directs et dix mille trois cents indirects)[réf. Most Europeans visit between April and August. Through Moroccan history, it has hosted many people coming from East (Phoenicians, Jews and Arabs), South (Sub-Saharan Africans) and North (Romans, Andalusians). [105], As of 2006[update], activity and adventure tourism in the Atlas and Rif Mountains are the fastest growth area in Moroccan tourism. On the Atlantic coast, where there are extensive plains, olives, citrus fruits, and wine grapes are grown, largely with water supplied by artesian wells. In 1968, the first Mediterranean Film Festival was held in Tangier. Text taken from UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030, 431–467, UNESCO, UNESCO Publishing. En pratique : Quelles sources sont attendues ? Elle offrira trente deux mille lits[10]. The latest parliamentary elections were held on October 12, 2016. Most of the population lives to the north of these mountains, while to the south lies the Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony that was annexed by Morocco in 1975 (see Green March). It is one of only three nations (along with Spain and France) to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines. The al-Qarawiyin University, founded by Fatima al-Fihri in the city of Fez in 859 as a madrasa,[187] is considered by some sources, including UNESCO, to be the "oldest university of the world". Bien que rare, la neige peut tomber à Nador de décembre à février ; mais ce n'est que pour s'y maintenir de manière éphémère pendant quelques heures ; en tout cas sans aucune chance de persister sur plusieurs jours[3]. There are also a number of flat breads and pulled unleavened pan-fried breads. ], président du directoire de Marchica Med. Under the Almohad dynasty Morocco experienced a period of prosperity and brilliance of learning. Emperor Claudius annexed Mauretania directly in 44 AD, making it a Roman province ruled by an imperial governor (either a procurator Augusti, or a legatus Augusti pro praetore). In 2005, The government of Morocco approved two reforms to expand health insurance coverage. A large part of Morocco is mountainous. Chaabi ("popular") is a music consisting of numerous varieties which are descended from the multifarious forms of Moroccan folk music. [142][143][144][145], The most recent estimates put the size of the Casablanca Jewish community at about 2,500,[146] and the Rabat and Marrakesh Jewish communities at about 100 members each. La ville avait accueilli en 2010 99.624 touristes principalement des Allemands, mais aujourd'hui avec le projet Marchica, Nador tente de devenir la Nice du Maroc version écologique[citation nécessaire]. Tourism is increasingly focused on Morocco's culture, such as its ancient cities. [5], It is estimated that between 41%[128] to 80% of residents have Berber ancestral origins. They are also developing desert tourism in competition with Tunisia. The Moroccan Ministry of Equipment, Transport, Logistics, and Water aims to build an additional 3380 kilometers of expressway and 2100 kilometers of highway by 2030, at an expected cost of $9.6 billion. Commercialisation de compresseurs industriels et mobile, groupes électrogènes et mâts d’éclairage, service après vente et pièces de rechange, pompes à vide et d’assèchement, outils industriels et solutions d’assemblage. As of 2006[update], no UN member state has recognised Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara. Hicham El Guerrouj won gold medals for Morocco at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the 1500 metres and 5000 metres and holds several world records in the mile run. The Spanish lost more than 13,000 soldiers at Annual in July–August 1921. The Saharawi group Polisario maintains an active militia of an estimated 5,000 fighters in Western Sahara and has engaged in intermittent warfare with Moroccan forces since the 1970s. Moroccan forces occupied the territory.[39]. Spanish troops had taken the normally uninhabited island after Moroccan soldiers landed on it and set up tents and a flag. At 446,550 km2 (172,414 sq mi), Morocco excluding Western Sahara is the fifty-seventh largest country in the world. The latter is in charge of bulk water supply to the aforementioned utilities, water distribution in about 500 small towns, as well as sewerage and wastewater treatment in 60 of these towns. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use. Morocco is a country with a rich culture and civilisation. In 1904, France and Spain carved out zones of influence in Morocco. Poultry is also very common, and the use of seafood is increasing in Moroccan food. Water supply and sanitation in Morocco is provided by a wide array of utilities. [114], Morocco has embarked upon the construction of large solar energy farms to lessen dependence on fossil fuels, and to eventually export electricity to Europe. Chicken is also very commonly used in Tagines, knowing that one of the most famous tagine is the Tagine of Chicken, potatoes and olives. [35][36][37] Under the Sanhaja Almoravid dynasty and the Masmuda Almohad dynasty,[38] Morocco dominated the Maghreb, al-Andalus in Iberia, and the western Mediterranean region. The Western Sahara War saw the Polisario Front, the Sahrawi rebel national liberation movement, battling both Morocco and Mauritania between 1976 and a ceasefire in 1991 that is still in effect. Bread in Morocco is principally from durum wheat semolina known as khobz. [29], In the early part of the Classical Antiquity period, Northwest Africa and Morocco were slowly drawn into the wider emerging Mediterranean world by the Phoenicians, who established trading colonies and settlements there, the most substantial of which were Chellah, Lixus, and Mogador. Most of the visitors to Morocco continue to be European, with French nationals making up almost 20% of all visitors. Marchica sport, sixième projet, sera lancé à partir de 2017. A truth commission set up in 2005 to investigate human rights abuses during his reign confirmed nearly 10,000 cases, ranging from death in detention to forced exile. Il précise que c'est là « une manière pour l’État de piloter et de s'assurer de la bonne réalisation d'un programme d'une telle envergure dans le respect des normes ». According to medieval legend, Idris ibn Abdallah had fled to Morocco after the Abbasids' massacre of his tribe in Iraq. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to the east and the disputed territory of Western Sahara to the south. Tea occupies a very important place in the culture of Morocco and is considered an art form. In 1884, Spain created a protectorate in the coastal areas of Morocco. [103][104], Casablanca is the major cruise port in Morocco, and has the best developed market for tourists in Morocco, Marrakech in central Morocco is a popular tourist destination, but is more popular among tourists for one- and two-day excursions that provide a taste of Morocco's history and culture. It was founded by Salih I ibn Mansur in 710, as a client state to the Umayyad Caliphate. Les automnes, quant à eux, peuvent devenir très pluvieux et aux périodes de sécheresse s'ensuivent des périodes de fortes pluies orageuses. The Barbary macaque, a primate endemic to Morocco and Algeria, is also facing extinction due to offtake for trade[67] human interruption, urbanisation, wood and real estate expansion that diminish forested area – the macaque's habitat. Le projet de développement de la lagune de Marchica, à proximité de la ville de Nador, va complètement transformer le paysage de cette région. The most recognizably "Moroccan" architecture, however, is the traditional architecture that developed in the Islamic period (7th century and after) which dominates much of Morocco's documented history and its existing heritage. [79], Morocco was the only African state not to be a member of the African Union due to its unilateral withdrawal on 12 November 1984 over the admission of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in 1982 by the African Union (then called Organisation of African Unity) as a full member without the organisation of a referendum of self-determination in the disputed territory of Western Sahara. There were renewed tensions in 2005, as hundreds of African migrants tried to storm the borders of the Spanish enclaves of Melilla and Ceuta. L'agglomération de Nador est situé dans l'Oriental, au nord-est du Maroc à quelques kilomètres à l'est de l'enclave espagnole de Melilla. Morocco, as a French and Spanish protectorate left Moroccan intellectuals the opportunity to exchange and to produce literary works freely enjoying the contact of other Arabic literature and Europe. [34] The first independent Muslim state in the area of modern Morocco was the Kingdom of Nekor, an emirate in the Rif Mountains. This article is about the country in North Africa. Comment ajouter mes sources ? Nador a été choisie pour abriter le deuxième plus grand siège régional de la Banque populaire du Maroc comme indique un communiqué de presse[réf. In 2014, Morocco began the construction of the first high-speed railway system in Africa linking the cities of Tangiers and Casablanca. Many countries from the Persian Gulf and Maghreb regions are getting more involved in large-scale development projects in Morocco. avec l'Algérie et Melilla, ainsi que le transit des Marocains résidents à l'étranger via le port de beni ansar rapportent beaucoup d'argent. [64], The Barbary lion, hunted to extinction in the wild, was a subspecies native to Morocco and is a national emblem. Elle sera constituée de trois cent vingt villas de mille neuf cent vingt lits, cent quatre-vingt-treize appartements de sept cent soixante-douze lits et deux cent quatre-vingt chambres d'hôtel de cinq cent soixante lits. Elle est située dans le berceau de la région Kebdana (commune El Berkanyene), à 35 km de Nador en longeant la rocade méditerranéenne reliant Nador et Saïdia. Sur soixante-dix-sept ha, cette baie combinera plusieurs types de logements, des installations et équipements pour le tourisme lacustre, la navigation de plaisance et le golf. Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». Morocco has an excellent road and rail infrastructure that links the major cities and tourist destinations with ports and cities with international airports. For other uses, see, French and Spanish protectorates: 1912 to 1956, Rodd, Francis. Il sera composé de logements particuliers tournés vers la mer avec une capacité globale de six mille lits[11]. The Polisario movement was formed in 1973, with the aim of establishing an independent state in the Spanish Sahara. It is a base for tours to the Atlas Mountains. Prime Minister Youssoufi's government was the first ever government drawn primarily from opposition parties, and also represents the first opportunity for a coalition of socialists, left-of-centre, and nationalist parties to be included in the government until October 2002. Nuqudy.com (2012-04-12)", "Ain Beni Mathar, Morocco Solar Thermal Power Station Project", "Historique de la culture de cannabis au Maroc d'après l'UNODC", "Mildt – Mission interministérielle de lutte contre la drogue et la toxicomanie", "Population du Maroc par année civile (en milliers et au milieu de l'année) par milieu de résidence : 1960 – 2050", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "Población extranjera por sexo, país de nacionalidad y edad (hasta 85 y más). Other resorts in north Morocco are also very popular. In the rainy sections of the northwest, barley, wheat, and other cereals can be raised without irrigation. [110], Modern infrastructure development, such as ports, airports, and rail links, is a top government priority. Les travaux démarreront en 2009 et seront achevés en 2014.[réf. [63] The avifauna of Morocco includes a total of 454 species, five of which have been introduced by humans, and 156 are rarely or accidentally seen. The project was presented to the United Nations Security Council in mid-April 2007. There have been substantial improvements in access to water supply, and to a lesser extent to sanitation, over the past fifteen years. [50] The institution of slavery was abolished in 1925.[51]. [136] Other large communities can be found in Italy, Canada, the United States, and Israel, where Moroccan Jews are thought to constitute the second biggest Jewish ethnic subgroup. The internationally recognised borders of the country lie between latitudes 27° and 36°N, and longitudes 1° and 14°W. After the death of al-Mansur, the country was divided among his sons. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. Moroccan literature flourished with novelists such as Mohamed Zafzaf and Mohamed Choukri, who wrote in Arabic, and Driss Chraïbi and Tahar Ben Jelloun who wrote in French. [73] This has improved since, however, and in 2017, Morocco was upgraded to being a "hybrid regime" according to the Democracy Index in 2017[citation needed] and while the Freedom of the Press report in 2017 continued to find that Morocco's press continued to be "not free," it gave "partly free" ratings for its "Net Freedom" and "Freedom in the World" more generally.[74]. [94][95] Violence against women and sexual harassment have been criminalized. A dispute with Spain in 2002 over the small island of Perejil revived the issue of the sovereignty of Melilla and Ceuta. Polisario claimed to have killed more than 5,000 Moroccan soldiers between 1982 and 1985. In the 13th and 14th centuries the Merinids held power in Morocco and strove to replicate the successes of the Almohads through military campaigns in Algeria and Spain. Saïd Aouita won the 5000 metres at the same games. In 2005 a National Sanitation Program was approved that aims at treating 60% of collected wastewater and connecting 80% of urban households to sewers by 2020. and two other cities,[clarification needed] to public municipal utilities in 13 other cities, as well as a national electricity and water company (ONEE). souhaitée]. Due to the conflict over Western Sahara, the status of the Saguia el-Hamra and Río de Oro regions is disputed. By the same treaty, Spain assumed the role of protecting power over the northern and southern Saharan zones. [citation needed], The religious affiliation in the country was estimated by the Pew Forum in 2010 as 99% Muslim, with all remaining groups accounting for less than 1% of the population. In 1952, Orson Welles' Othello won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival under the Moroccan flag. Lamb is also consumed, but as Northwest African sheep breeds store most of their fat in their tails, Moroccan lamb does not have the pungent flavour that Western lamb and mutton have. [106], Agriculture in Morocco employs about 40% of the nation's workforce. Because of its proximity to Spain, tourists in southern Spain's coastal areas take one- to three-day trips to Morocco. Algerian authorities have estimated the number of Sahrawi refugees in Algeria to be 165,000. This architectural heritage ranges from ancient Roman and Berber (Amazigh) sites to 20th-century colonial and modern architecture. France's exile of Sultan Mohammed V in 1953 to Madagascar and his replacement by the unpopular Mohammed Ben Aarafa sparked active opposition to the French and Spanish protectorates. Portuguese efforts to control the Atlantic sea trade in the 15th century did not greatly affect the interior of Morocco even though they managed to control some possessions on the Moroccan coast but not venturing further afield inland. [163][162][166][167], Although Moroccan Berber architecture is not strictly separate from the rest of Moroccan architecture, many structures and architectural styles are distinctively associated with traditionally Berber or Berber-dominated regions of Morocco such as the Atlas Mountains and the Sahara and pre-Sahara regions. It probably evolved under the Moors in Cordoba, and the Persian-born musician Ziryab is usually credited with its invention. Cloud forests can be found in the west of the Rif Mountains and Middle Atlas Mountains. In 1979, Mauritania relinquished its claim to the area, but the war continued to rage. Orature (oral literature) is an integral part of Moroccan culture, be it in Moroccan Arabic or Berber. [131] There are also a number of foreign residents of Spanish origin. Le montant de l'investissement prévu est de quarante-six milliards de DH, dont 13,6 milliards pour le résidentiel, 3,3 milliards pour l'hébergement hôtelier, 3,1 milliards pour les équipements et services, 8,3 milliards pour les infrastructures et 17,6 milliards induits par le développement. [151] The 2004 population census reported that 28.1% of the population spoke Berber. Interest groups that formed among these elements continually pressured France to increase its control over Morocco – a control which was also made necessary by the continuous wars among Moroccan tribes, part of which had taken sides with the French since the beginning of the conquest.
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