According to the Department of Water and Forests, maad accounts for 15% of the total amount of picking fruits in Senegal [35] . Cross section of the fruit of S. senegalensis. It was Marcel Pichon, however, who reclassified it into to valid classification in 1953, and today he drives primarily to the edge of the river, in areas with wooded savannahs, wet areas in gallery forests [4] [5] . Latex can treat pulmonary problems. Native of West Africa, Saba senegalensis belongs to the family of Apocynaceae, and is a wild plant that is mainly exploited in the diet. POWO . Famiy: Apocynaceae. Food and Nutrition Sciences The following matches were found for "Saba senegalensis": (Your search term was understood as: Genus = Saba and species = senegalensis) Plant names. Saba senegalensis est une espèce de plantes de la famille des Apocynaceae.. Reference page. Glacy is the first glacier in the Congo to offer ice creams and sorbets made from tropical forest fruits. The tree grows predominantly on riverbanks and in woodlands in Guiné-Bissau, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Somalia, Mali and Ivory Coast. The gathering is carried out essentially by the women and the children who resell basins or baskets of fruits in the weekly markets of the production areas to itinerant traders or to the itinerant traders known as “Banas Banas”. Le Sénégal est un pays grouillé de ressources naturelles parmi lesquelles des fruits naturels ou sauvages de tout genre mais comestibles surtout. Maad contents an appreciate level of 945.83 mg/100 g polyphenols [21] , mainly composed of flavonoids and anthocyanins. Minerals are also revealed in Saba’s fruit such us calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and potassium respectively 51 ppm, 357.5 ppm, 47.5 ppm and 152 ppm [24] , the fruit is poor in sodium (<5 ppm). The fruit contents 41.43 until 80% water with a low pH (2.24). Diversification of tree crops; Wetland Status. The roots of this species are used in the care of female infertility and treat skin burns. They are also blended with water and sugar and made into fruity beverage. Landolphia senegalensis var. The fruit of Saba is a large ovoid berry, of yellow-orange color at maturity [4] containing seven to twenty nuclei depending on the size covered, of a juicy acidulous pulp. In High Guinea, the nuclei surrounded by their pulp are sun-dried and used to replace lemon and tamarin [12] . Son fruit est appelé laaré (en soussou de Guinée), zaban (en bambara ou dioula), malombo ou makalakonki (dans le bassin du Congo), maad (en wolof), made (en français d'Afrique), wèda (en mooré), côcôta (en Côte d'Ivoire), et mkonkar (en manjaque In Senegal, it comes largely from Casamance (Southern Senegal) and Kedougou (eastern Senegal). Meanwhile, the important of these products in the life of populations allows, without quantitative data, to say that the quantity exploited is largely underestimated because of the local consumption not taken into account. Jun 18, 2013 - Madd or Sabba Senegalensis: a tropical fruit you eat all summer long in Senegal! Sabasenegalensis Sabasenegalensis(Bambara:NsabanorZaban;English: Senegal saba; French(fromaPulaarbastardization): lianesaba;Wolof: madormaddor“kabaa”inGam- The fruit pulp is tart and pleasant [3] . On average during the 2013-2015 periods, 1103.55 t of maad were consumed in Dakar. It can be mashed and used for porridge and “Tuo-zaafi” [2]. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. glabriflora Hua Saba senegalensis var. glabriflora (Hua) Pichon Vahea senegalensis A.DC. Copyright © 2018 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. variations which are obviously related to the variability of climatic conditions, to the nature of the soil, but also to the various methods of analysis used. Found mainly in South Sudan and West Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Ghana, The Gambia, the 2 Guineas, Mali, Niger [4] , Saba senegalensis (A. The tree grows predominantly on riverbanks and in woodlands. Required fields are marked *. S. senegalensis fruits begin to ripen as early as the beginning of the rainy season, starting in June and the harvest can be until September. Saba senegalensis Name Synonyms Landolphia senegalensis (A.DC.) 2018. Petals 1 - 1.5 cm long, more or less translucent fresh, with prominent midrib on top, 8 - 14 pairs of lateral veins. It has economic potential given the enthusiasm of the various actors of the distribution and marketing exploitation circuit. DC.) Figure 6. But it happens that its seeds germinate in places where there is no support and therefore the plant manages to the place where it sprouted. Domestic production arriving in the capital is much lower than imports, with as an example for 2015, of the 1427 t of maad registered, only 521.24 t come from Senegal or 36.5% of annual consumption. Approximate Range of Saba senegalensis [4] . Interpreting Wetland Status. Talk:Saba senegalensis. It is a plant that has enormous therapeutic virtues, from the fruit to the roots through the leaves, bark, and latex. In Senegal, it comes largely from Casamance (southern Senegal) and Kedougou (eastern Senegal) (Figure 4) and is also present in widely dispersed individuals Niayes [10] [11] . After the wholesalers, the resellers will repackage the products in large baskets; 50 or 60 kg, or average baskets weighing 35 or 40 kg. It’s the best time to taste it, but it will not wait, because this moment is also expected by other animals, particularly the monkey that feeds heavily on this fruit. With a peak of 2370 tons in 2004 [36] , the total national maad production in Senegal cannot be accurately advanced for the moment as it ignores the quantity consumed and sold in the villages or used by chimpanzees or other animals. Saba is a fruit from Africa. Further researches on the nutritional and therapeutic properties deserve to be conducted. The Saba fruit of Senegal has different vernacular names which vary according to the dialect spoken by the local populations. It fights against several types of diseases. Govaerts, R. et al. In the literature it is identified by other names such as: Vubea or Vabea senegalensis A. main place of disembarkation and distribution of maad especially in the “Syndicat, Tilene or Port” markets where wholesalers, semi-wholesalers and retailers are responsible for resale. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. It is commonly found growing in Western Tropical Africa from Senegal to Togo. Dry root bark powder is applied to wounds as healing [9] [32] . Many losses are recorded in fruit production and conservation poses serious problems for loggers [7] . Figure 3. The titratable acidity is from 30 up to 78.5 meq/100 ml; this high content explains the acid taste of the fruit with a malic acid concentration of 47.2 mg/100 g [24] . Afrique Noire 35: 316 (1953). The plant has a rough or scaly bark of dark gray color with a pale red slice [1] . Saba senegalensis (SS), also called Liana goyin, is a well-known and commonly eaten fruit in Western Africa. One of the characteristics of Saba senegalensis is the level of β-carotene (vitamin A) which is estimated at 1.55 mg/100 g [8] . As it matures, it goes from green, its initial color, to light orange [13] . Of course, some trees are planted in garden as specimen plants or for ornamental purposes. Generally, Saba creeper returns to fruiting in less than two years [19] . Saba has also not yet travelled beyond Africa. Figure 7. After having conditioned the fruits of maad or in bags that were previously used for the conditioning of the rice or the onion, these Banas Banas will declare these products at the level of the agents of waters and forests by paying 15 francs CFA kg to be able to take them out and sell them on the market. 2013. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 24. Other names: Madd, madinka, wolof. IPNI Life Sciences Identifier (LSID) urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:81759-1 Publication Mémoires de l'Institut Français d'Afrique Noire. The rainy season lasts from 2 to 4 months with a maximum of precipitation during the month of August for an annual average of 400 to 1200 mm [17] . It can also be processed into mashed potatoes, nectar, jams, preserves and maad jellies [30] . The main destinations are the country’s major markets: Kolda, Diaobe, Bignona, Touba, Dinguiraye and Dakar which is the. maceration, as a drink, is considered to be anti-blennorrhagic or with other plants [1] . Hassler, M. 2018. Figure 4. No matching references found in Library Catalogue; Collections. Pagka karon wala pay siak nga nalista ubos niini niya. In Senegal, the maad comes largely from Casamance and Kédougou. Thus, the study of the stability of the products resulting from the transformation must be envisaged in order to reduce the post-harvest losses and to ensure a good conservation of these products but especially in a general way to contribute to the valorization of this fruit very appreciated by the population. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. Botanical Family Apocynaceae. Contact us about this record. Further research on the antioxidant and therapeutic properties of maad should be carried out as well as the study of thermal degradation of antioxidant molecules. Saba senegalensis. StatBalise Suivi Alimentation Scolaire Senegal là một Shareware phần mềm trong danh mục Thể loại khác được phát triển bởi StatBalise Suivi Alimentation Scolaire Senegal.. Phiên bản mới nhất của StatBalise Suivi Alimentation Scolaire Senegal hiện thời không rõ. Leaves are opposite, dark green, elliptical, lanceolate and petiolate with entire margins. SENEGAL | THE SABA SENEGALENSIS FRUIT We are in the season of this delicious fruit called Madd in Wolof or Saba senegalensis. The flowers are white, greenish or yellowish very fragrant, in terminal corymbs, they have a corolla wide of 3 to 4 cm with a yellowish tube, 10 to 15 mm long, 5 - 9 times longer than the calyx [1] [4] [10] , with 5 white, oblong lobes, 3 to 6 mm wide, thickened towards the base, 1.5 mm wide at the apex, finely pubescent. The fruit of Saba senegalensis is consumed in different forms. Sarr, M.G., Ndiaye, N.D., Ayessou, N.C., Faye, P.G., Cisse, M., Sakho, M. and Diop, C.M. Ang mga gi basihan niini. measure up to 47 cm in diameter [3] [4] [5] . Inflorescence a 3-30 flowered lax cyme, peduncle 2.5-6 cm long, pedicels 2.5-8 mm long. It grows mainly along riverbanks [4]. 2 entries found in World Checklist; Bibliographies. It can also be added in other food diets such as yoghurt. Saba senegalensis in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Table 3 presents the quantity of maad consumed in Dakar from 2013 to 2015. There are even some forest harvesters who harvest only green fruits in order to lengthen the conservation and reduce losses, but the disadvantage of this method is that the quality of the fruit is mainly due to the early harvest, that is to say the fruit has not yet reached maturity. Generally we distinguish in its range of distribution according to the nature of the support, climbing species, and the lack of support of the bush species. Figure 5. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. A liana up to 40 m long, often shrub like; trunk up to 20 cm in diameter; bark rough or scaly. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. This page was last edited on 16 June 2015, at 11:24. Common Name Senegal saba. Table 2. Brilliant on upper surface, an elliptical or oval limber glabrous barely acuminate and shiny above, about 8 to 15 cm long and 4 to 6 cm wide [14] with a rounded or rounded base and apex short obtuse tip, 8 to 14 pairs of lateral veins, translucent fresh, and a network of fine nerves (Figure 2). Sepals shortly apiculate. Inhalation of the vapor emitted during the boiling of the leaves in the water would calm headaches and coughing [31] . In Senegal, the fruit is eaten as it or transformed into puree, nectar, syrup, canned etc. The packaging bag weighs on average 65 kg [29] . It is haemostatic and coagulant [2] [9] . Figure 8. Native of West Africa, Saba senegalensis belongs to the family of Apocynaceae, and is a wild plant that is mainly exploited in the diet. Franç. It is believed to be a native of Sahel of Africa. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1996.9700618. Quantity of S. senegalensis distributed in Dakar from 2013 to 2015 [36] . Nutritional composition of Saba senegalensis pulp [8] [20] - [27] . The entire wiki with photo and video galleries for each article Kotschy & Peyr. The fruit is a globose shell, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide. Stamens inserted 3.5-6 mm above the corolla base; filaments 0.4-1 x 0.1 mm, anthers 1-2 x 0.2-0.5 mm, ovary often ribbed, glabrous with ca 30 ovules, style 1.5-3 mm long, pistil-head 1.7-2 mm long, basal part up to 1.8 mm long. Pichon – Senegal saba Subordinate Taxa. Maad picking in the production areas is very organized; the start date of picking is still fixed and is reserved only for local populations. Saba trees are not cultivated for fruits. Published on the internet. Logged mwambao. In rural areas, maad is used to enhance the taste of cereal porridge [2] [29] . The evolution of maad production recorded in Senegal has undergone a very wide variation from 1997 to 2015 (Figure 8). The latex is Most are eaten as casual snacks, but some are employed even as a staple, especially during the rainy season. Women buy, for example, the basket at 25,000 FCFA and sell retail in lots of 500 - 1000 FCFA and sometimes even 250 FCFA. Our bibliographic study proposes a selection and a compilation of information available in the literature and research results on the botany, composition and uses of maad to better understand the nutritional and economic potential of the fruit. In Senegal, the Wolof call it maad while Manding say Saba. Leaves opposite, petiole 4-14.5 mm long; lamina 1.5-3 times as long as wide, apex rounded, obtuse, shortly acuminate or apiculate with 7-14 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate or scalariform, submarginal veins abundant. Related Links. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 9, 1099-1111. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2018.99080. see the world log on website by shawn murray (ssmurray@gmail.com and http://ssmurray.googlepages.com) and aaron darling Would anyone have photos of seedlings or seeds of SABA Senegalensis? In Senegal, there is only one variety of Saba Senegalensis belonging to the Spermaphyte branch, the Magnoliophyta sub-branch, the Magnoliopsida class, the Asteridae subclass to the order of the Gentianales and the family of Apocynaceae [8] . The Saba’s fruit is very rich in vitamin C. Nafan et al. The section of the fruit shows a hard, thick and bumpy skin, which covers a fibrous membrane adhered to the skin surrounding all the nuclei (Figure 5) [12] . Bandoma, E. (2009). In Senegal, the maad can be transformed using a mechanical extractor and this primary transformation the maad makes it possible to obtain a refined puree (Figure 6(a)) which can subsequently be converted into several finished products such as nectars (Figure 6(c) and Figure 7), syrups, concentrated bases and marmalades. Table 1. Although at the “Syndicat” market, the marketing of maad occupies more than 100 half-wholesalers and about sixty wholesalers. It can be eaten as is or seasoned with sugar, salt and/or chilly [1] [7] [9] . Clinging to branches of trees with its tendrils [8] , it is often anelian with a trunk that can. A wholesaler sells about 10 bags of 70 kg on average a day, where a half-wholesaler sells 1 bag and makes a margin of 5000 FCFA/day. There are also small baskets of 25 or 20 kg. The interior of the berry contains a fine fibrous superficial skin that includes fruit [12] . The nutritional composition of the pulp (Table 2) is subject to very large. Member; Posts: 120; Canada; Re: Saba Senegalensis seedling pics. Homonyms Saba senegalensis (A.DC.) Your email address will not be published. Comparing the national production consumed in Dakar and the maad import market arriving in Dakar. Production chart of nectar maad standardized by the Institute of Food Technology (ITA) of Dakar. 3. The evaluation of the nutritional and aromatic potential of the pulp is very incomplete, particularly as regards the profile of polyphenols, carotenoids and aroma compounds. Paris, Dakar Collation 35: 316 Family as entered in IPNI It grows in all types of soil. Evolution of S. senegalensis recorded production in Senegal from 1997 to 2015 [36] . The interest of Saba senegalensis in feeding and treating hundreds of diseases in rural populations is widely recognized [6] . The fruit is also characterized by water content which is most often closed to 80% [23] . The ingestion of its seeds may remain asymptomatic, but can also cause abdominal pain and bowel obstruction. Jump to navigation Jump to search. The fruits are collected from wild only. Pichon is a large, woody, latex vine that can grow to more than 40 m in height and has tendrils in the Apocynaceae family [1] . Inst. Saba is a fruit from Africa.It is believed to be a native of Sahel of Africa. Saba senegalensis (Bambara: Nsaban or Zaban; English: Senegal saba; French (from a Pulaar bastardization): liane saba; Wolof: mad or madd or 'kabaa' in Gambian Wolof; Pulaar: laare) is a shrub-like fruit tree of the Apocynaceae family, native to the Sahel region of sub-Saharan Africa. The inside of the shell is also covered with superficial skin that can be consumed. The lipid content is 0.2 g/100 g [23] and the protein content varies from 0.8 to 0.3 g/100 g [23] [24] . All these components contribute to suppose that Saba’s fruits may really have nutritional and healthy impact to consumers. Il frutto della Saba senegalensis ha una scorza esterna gialla e dura.Il frutto è riempito internamente da baccelli di semi che possono essere succhiati, similmente a quello che si può fare con il tamarindo.Il sapore è descritto come frizzante e aspro, come quello del mango o del limone.Nei paesi saheliani si usa frequentemente per produrre un succo (màdd in Senegal). Root. A plant of saba. The seeds are coated with an aromatic sweet and sour flesh. Scientific plant list. They are hemostatic, anti-gonorrheal, antiseptic, anti-emetic and healing [1] [2] . The products are either packed in very large baskets called “Damba” transported in trucks for those coming from Kedougou and part of Casamance or transported by boat to the other part of Casamance for supplies in the rest of the country. It is by Cesar Calderon at USDA APHIS PPQ. 1-1.5 times as long as wide, corolla with a yellow throat; tube 5-9 times as long as the calyx. The species can live in various ecological conditions with an average annual rainfall ranging from 100 mm to 1300 mm and in altitudes of 0 - 800 m [4] [18] , it is resistant to bush fire. The fruit is tasty, sweet-sour with yellow pulp when ripe [1]. It is tasted as such or transformed into puree, nectar, jam, and jelly or even used as a food matrix in yogurt. The fruits of the maad also contain an essential oil whose major compounds terpineol (29.8%), linalool (18%) and benzoic acid (9.2%) [28] . The chain of distribution of this fruit extends on the secondary markets of Dakar and the interior as well as in the districts. These are, however, sometimes protected by villagers for picking their fruits and also for me4dicinal uses. Table 3. Preferably seedlings newly germinated thank you Gustavo. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). Flowering is spread over the whole year and the peak of flowering is between April and May, some plans may be in flower and fruit [1] [15] (Figure 2). This marketing on long journeys is facilitated by the long shelf life of the fruit which can be kept in good condition for (8 to 10) days if it enjoys good transport and storage conditions [12] . Its fruit is characterized by its wealth of antioxidant molecules including polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamin C, but especially because of its high acidity. This cause might not be recognized by radiologists who are not aware of SS CT features. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World (2019). Figure 2. Leaves opposite, petiole 4-14.5 mm long; lamina 1.5-3 times as long as wide, apex rounded, obtuse, shortly acuminate or apiculate with 7-14 pairs of secondary veins, tertiary venation reticulate or scalariform, submarginal veins abundant. Saba senegalensis Pichon, Mem. It helps to fight against vomiting, stomach pain and anemia [2] [9] . zones. Bark rough or scaly. These areas are characterized by maritime trade winds with an average annual temperature of 26˚C - 31˚C, a dry climate with considerable variations in humidity. The effects of Saba senegalensis in local traditional medicine are varied. These results therefore only concern products that have been declared at the water and forest management level and taxed at CFAF 15 per kg in the various control. A Dissertation to the Horticulture department of the University for Development Studies (unpublished). Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. An encyclopedia of 556 edible fruits of the world. The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper. Frutto. The maad is also used to cure constipation for this, it is just enough to constantly drink fruit juice. The leaves are used in cases of migraine or food poisoning [1] [2] , but also in the treatment of injuries when they are pounded [1] . Native of West Africa, Saba senegalensis belongs to the family of Apocynaceae, and is a wild plant that is mainly exploited in the diet. DC.) The generic name is adapted from the name of the plant Maninka, the specific epithet senegalensis refers to Senegal in West Africa where it was collected for identification [4] [9] and (Table 1). Like such others fruits, Saba is very rich in carbohydrates but values vary widely from author to author in the range of 11 - 74.23 g/100 g [20] [22] [23] [24] [26] [27] . More Accounts and Images; ARS Germplasm Resources Information Network (SASE15) Integrated Taxonomic Information System … The ripe fruits are anorexic, antiscorbutic, stimulating, tonic [33] . However markets are also flooded by the same products from Guinea Bissau, Guinea Conakry or sometimes even Mali, maad was controlled and registered on the national territory, between 2014 and 2015 respectively 1132 to 1427 tons maad [36] . The sepals are 1 - 1.5 times longer than broad, the stamens are inserted 3.5 - 6 mm above the base of the corolla. Saba senegalensis is a medicinal food plants and has the potential of contributing to soil and water conservation. Its fruit is very popular with the population. The statistics available on the exploitation of maad do not make it possible to differentiate between the quantity exploited and the quantity marketed. Common Name:Nsaban, kabaa Description Saba senegalensis is a liana up to 40 m long, often shrub like; trunk up to 20 cm in diameter. Retailers, who occupy the last link in the chain, sell the product per unit ranging from 50 to 250 CFA depending on the size. It should also avoid a maad harvested in the rainy season during this period; the fruit becomes a flower [20] . Leakey R. R. B., and Tchoundjeun Z., (2001). The fruits are often eaten by local people and also offered for sale at some places. But still saba is not grown as an orchard fruit except in gardens as a sample tree. Main production areas of Maad in the south and the eastern part of Senegal. (2018) Saba senegalensis: Key Features and Uses. Green fruits fight against sterility, galactagogic, colic [2] [32] . Saba senegalensis has a long and rich history in herbal medicine with noted native use. see the world log on website by shawn murray (ssmurray@gmail.com and http://ssmurray.googlepages.com) and aaron darling Image 2186051 is of Senegal saba (Saba senegalensis ) seed(s). The plant is believed to have medico-magical attributes and is often preserved on the outskirts of villages. DC.) Distribution Area and Vernacular Names, Saba senegalensis is mainly found in South Sudan and West Africa, particularly in Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia, Guineas, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Tanzania [4] [5] (Figure 3). ! Saba senegalensis is a large woody liana with white latex, dark gray bark, can reach more than 40 m high and a trunk that can measure up to 47 cm in diameter. Saba is a highly prized fruit and in parts of Africa, these are also important to the rural economy. The Fulani consider the fruits still green and cooked with salt as an effective diuretic drug and fast acting [31] . It is a fruit that is very popular with the population and can be consumed as such or can be processed into puree, nectar, jams and preserves [1] [7] . The macerate leaves help fight against vomiting and stomachaches [32] . Le madd ou Saba senegalensis Aussi appelé zaban (en bambara ou dioula), malombo (Congo), maad (en wolof) et made (en français d’Afrique), ou wèda (en mooré), c’est un … The fruit is a large ovoid, bumpy, globose berry, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide that contains seeds coated with slightly translucent yellow and fibrous pulps [10] [11] .