[175] The first was the generation that lived and wrote during the Protectorate (1912–56), its most important representative being Mohammed Ben Brahim (1897–1955). This evidence supports the theory that some of the peoples who had been living in the Franco-Cantabrian refuge area of southwestern Europe during the late-glacial period migrated to northern Europe, contributing to its repopulation after the last ice age. Infant mortality has improved significantly since 1960 when there were 144 deaths per 1,000 live births, in 2000, 42 per 1,000 live births, and now it is 20 per 1,000 live births. The issue of lack of water connections for some of the urban poor is being addressed as part of the National Human Development Initiative, under which residents of informal settlements have received land titles and have fees waived that are normally paid to utilities in order to connect to the water and sewer network. Since Morocco controls most of Western Sahara, its de facto southern boundary is with Mauritania. The Saharawi group Polisario maintains an active militia of an estimated 5,000 fighters in Western Sahara and has engaged in intermittent warfare with Moroccan forces since the 1970s. lignes 01:Quartier Administratif <> ould botayab - souk joutiya, Lignes des transports urbains de Vectalia Nador, Agence pour l'aménagement du site de la lagune de Marchica, http://www.leseco.ma/finances/18585-banque-centrale-populaire-des-performances-au-beau-fixe.html, http://www.cdvm.gov.ma/sites/default/files/CP_BCP_S1_2014.pdf, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nador_(Maroc)&oldid=178790573, Article manquant de références depuis novembre 2011, Article manquant de références/Liste complète, Page avec coordonnées similaires sur Wikidata, Article manquant de références depuis juillet 2019, Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. Morocco has been given the status of major non-NATO ally by the US government. [119] In addition to that, Morocco is a transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe.[120]. The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, which started in the middle of the 7th century, was achieved by the Umayyad Caliphate early into the following century. [28] Twenty-two thousand years ago, the pre-existing Aterian culture was succeeded by the Iberomaurusian culture, which shared similarities with Iberian cultures. According to data from the World Bank,[191] the present mortality rate is still very high, over seven times higher than in neighboring country Spain. The modern tourist industry capitalises on Morocco's ancient Berber, Roman and Islamic sites, and on its landscape and cultural history. Particularly under the Almoravid and Almohad empires, Moroccan literature was closely related to the literature of al-Andalus, and shared important poetic and literary forms such as zajal, the muwashshah, and the maqama. In 1549, the region fell to successive Arab dynasties claiming descent from the Islamic prophet, Muhammad: first the Saadi dynasty who ruled from 1549 to 1659, and then the Alaouite dynasty, who remain in power since the 17th century. Morocco rejoined the AU on 30 January 2017.[80][81]. Il précise que c'est là « une manière pour l’État de piloter et de s'assurer de la bonne réalisation d'un programme d'une telle envergure dans le respect des normes ». As Europe industrialised, Northwest Africa was increasingly prized for its potential for colonisation. Dans le cadre du programme de développement industriel de la région de l'Oriental appelé Med-Est, la réalisation d'un pôle industriel autour d'une zone franche portuaire à Bni Nssar a été prévue et aujourd'hui celle-ci est l'une des plus importantes du pays, il est prévu qu’après la réalisation du Nador west Med le plus grand port de la méditerranée et du Maroc[réf. Under the Saadi dynasty, the country ended the Aviz dynasty of Portugal at the Battle of Alcácer Quibir in 1578. [183] As a result, Moroccan rugby was tied to the fortunes of France, during the first and second World War, with many Moroccan players going away to fight. When, in 429 AD, the area was devastated by the Vandals, the Roman Empire lost its remaining possessions in Mauretania, and local Mauro-Roman kings assumed control of them. Studios were also opened in Rabat. Troisième projet, la nouvelle ville de Nador. Countries or regions that share the same climatic characteristics with Morocco are the state of California (USA), Portugal, Spain and Algeria. In 1968, the first Mediterranean Film Festival was held in Tangier. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. [78] France and Spain remain the primary trade partners, as well as the primary creditors and foreign investors in Morocco. The al-Qarawiyin University, founded by Fatima al-Fihri in the city of Fez in 859 as a madrasa,[187] is considered by some sources, including UNESCO, to be the "oldest university of the world". Through Moroccan history, it has hosted many people coming from East (Phoenicians, Jews and Arabs), South (Sub-Saharan Africans) and North (Romans, Andalusians). Spanish troops had taken the normally uninhabited island after Moroccan soldiers landed on it and set up tents and a flag. In 2001, the first International Film Festival of Marrakech (FIFM) was also held in Marrakech. Marchica sport, sixième projet, sera lancé à partir de 2017. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. The earliest known independent Moroccan state was the Berber kingdom of Mauretania, under King Baga. Southeast of the Atlas mountains, near the Algerian borders, the climate becomes very dry, with long and hot summers. In the 13th and 14th centuries the Merinids held power in Morocco and strove to replicate the successes of the Almohads through military campaigns in Algeria and Spain. Each region possesses its own specificities, thus contributing to the national culture and to the legacy of civilization. In 1943, the Istiqlal Party (Independence Party) was founded to press for independence, with discreet US support. For other uses, see, French and Spanish protectorates: 1912 to 1956, Rodd, Francis. The geography of Morocco spans from the Atlantic Ocean, to mountainous areas, to the Sahara desert. [105], As of 2006[update], activity and adventure tourism in the Atlas and Rif Mountains are the fastest growth area in Moroccan tourism. On the Atlantic coast, where there are extensive plains, olives, citrus fruits, and wine grapes are grown, largely with water supplied by artesian wells. [31][page needed]. The Complete Book of Rugby (Seven Oaks Ltd, 1997, Franco-Cantabrian refuge area of southwestern Europe, Mediterranean acacia-argania dry woodlands and succulent thickets, opposition assumed power following an election, dispute with Spain in 2002 over the small island of Perejil, Royal Advisory Council for Saharan Affairs, expected to be severely impacted by climate change, l'Institut National des Postes et Télécommunication (INPT), "Constitution of the Kingdom of Morocco, I-1", "Morocco Population, 1960-2019 - knoema.com", "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", "The Transformation of the Union for the Mediterranean", Oldest Homo sapiens fossil claim rewrites our species' history, "Saami and Berbers—An Unexpected Mitochondrial DNA Link", "The Maghrib under the Almoravids and the Almohads", "Joint Statement by the United States of America and the Kingdom of Morocco", "Milestones of American Diplomacy, Interesting Historical Notes, and Department of State History", "The French Conquest Of Morocco: The Real Meaning Of The International Trouble", Morocco tackles painful role in Spain's past, Morocco: Date of the abolishment of slavery in Morocco; whether descendants of ex-slaves are singled out in any way; and fate of the Palace household and grounds staff when King Mohamed V was in exile, "POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014", "English country names and code elements", "MOROCCO: Ranked second worldwide in climate change control", Crocodiles in the Sahara Desert: An Update of Distribution, Habitats and Population Status for Conservation Planning in Mauritania, "Barbary macaques exploited as photo-props in Marrakesh's punishment square", "Potential benefits of impending Moroccan wildlife trade laws, a case study in carnivore skins", "Open, Unregulated Trade in Wildlife in Morocco's Markets", "Conservation in an ever-globalizing world: wildlife trade in, from, and through Morocco, a gateway to Europe", "An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm", "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary Material", King declares Morocco a constitutional monarchy, "Encyclopedia of the Nations: Morocco Foreign Policy", "GCC Countries Invest Heavily in Morocco", "Morocco to rejoin African Union despite Western Sahara dispute", "06RABAT557, SPANISH AMBASSADOR ON WESTERN SAHARA, MIGRATION", "Report of the Secretary-General on the situation concerning Western Sahara", International Center for Transitional Justice, "Morocco's Truth Commission: Honoring Past Victims during an Uncertain Present: V. Constraints on the ERC", "afrol News – Western Sahara activists released, re-arrested in riots", "Morocco/Western Sahara: Sahrawi human rights defender on trial", "Refworld | Morocco: The treatment of homosexuals, including protection offered by the state and the attitude of the population", "Laws on Homosexuality in African Nations", "Une famille française arrêtée pour prosélytisme à Marrakech", "Morocco criminalises violence against women and sexual harassment", "Moroccans trapped in Spain for 2 months due to coronavirus head home at last", Morocco major economic player in Africa, researcher, "IMF Gives Morocco Positive Review. Kickboxing is also popular in Morocco. In 2011, the Ministry of Industry, Commerce and New Technologies created a Moroccan Club of Innovation, in partnership with the Moroccan Office of Industrial and Commercial Property. France showed a strong interest in Morocco as early as 1830, not only to protect the border of its Algerian territory, but also because of the strategic position of Morocco with coasts on the Mediterranean and the open Atlantic. In the 15th century, the Reconquista ended Muslim rule in Iberia and many Muslims and Jews fled to Morocco.[39]. [62] Avifauna are notably variant. [79], Morocco was the only African state not to be a member of the African Union due to its unilateral withdrawal on 12 November 1984 over the admission of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic in 1982 by the African Union (then called Organisation of African Unity) as a full member without the organisation of a referendum of self-determination in the disputed territory of Western Sahara. Moroccan architecture refers to the architecture characteristic of Morocco throughout its history and up to modern times. A United Nations mission, MINURSO, is tasked with organizing a referendum on whether the territory should become independent or recognised as a part of Morocco. [183] Like many other Maghreb nations, Moroccan rugby tended to look to Europe for inspiration, rather than to the rest of Africa. Morocco was originally scheduled to host the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations,[180] but refused to host the tournament on the scheduled dates because of fears over the ebola outbreak on the continent. In 1979, Mauritania relinquished its claim to the area, but the war continued to rage. Morocco has had strong ties to the West in order to gain economic and political benefits. Poultry is also very common, and the use of seafood is increasing in Moroccan food. It also identified a number of strategic sectors, such as energy, with an emphasis on renewable energies such as photovoltaic, thermal solar energy, wind and biomass; as well as the water, nutrition and health sectors, the environment and geosciences. The industries that recorded the highest growth are tourism, telecoms, information technology, and textile. Chicken is also very commonly used in Tagines, knowing that one of the most famous tagine is the Tagine of Chicken, potatoes and olives. La ville compte un tissu industriel avec une quarantaine d'usines[réf. The second generation was the one that played an important role in the transition to independence with writers like Abdelkrim Ghallab (1919–2006), Allal al-Fassi (1910–1974) and Mohammed al-Mokhtar Soussi (1900–1963). The Atlas Mountains are located mainly in the centre and the south of the country. Morocco deported hundreds of the illegal migrants. Most of the visitors to Morocco continue to be European, with French nationals making up almost 20% of all visitors. 'place the sun sets; the west'; Standard Moroccan Tamazight: ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, romanized: lmeɣrib), officially the Kingdom of Morocco (Arabic: المملكة المغربية‎, romanized: al-mamlaka al-maḡribiyya, lit. [157] The Moroccan National Theatre (founded 1956) offers regular productions of Moroccan and French dramatic works. The third generation is that of writers of the sixties. A large part of Morocco is mountainous. Three generations of writers especially shaped 20th century Moroccan literature. [122], Morocco has a population of around 36,029,093 inhabitants (2018 est.). Its leading institutions include Mohammed V University in Rabat, the country's largest university, with branches in Casablanca and Fès; the Hassan II Agriculture and Veterinary Institute in Rabat, which conducts leading social science research in addition to its agricultural specialties; and Al-Akhawayn University in Ifrane, the first English-language university in Northwest Africa,[186] inaugurated in 1995 with contributions from Saudi Arabia and the United States. Moroccan and Algerian troops soon clashed in Western Sahara. souhaitée] durant la phase de construction. In the valleys, fertile soils and high precipitation allow for the growth of thick and lush forests. [140] Some local Christian leaders estimate that there may be as many as 8,000 Christian citizens throughout the country, but many reportedly do not meet regularly due to fear of government surveillance and social persecution. Tourism is increasingly focused on Morocco's culture, such as its ancient cities. Voter turnout in these elections was estimated to be 43% of registered voters. Interest groups that formed among these elements continually pressured France to increase its control over Morocco – a control which was also made necessary by the continuous wars among Moroccan tribes, part of which had taken sides with the French since the beginning of the conquest. Medieval Arab historians and geographers sometimes referred to Morocco as al-Maghrib al-Aqṣá (المغرب الأقصى (meaning "the Farthest West") to distinguish it from neighbouring regions then called al-Maghrib al-Awsaṭ (المغرب الأوسط, meaning "the Middle West") and al-Maghrib al-Adná (المغرب الأدنى, meaning "the Nearest West").[21]. In 1971, there was a failed attempt to depose the king and establish a republic. Morocco, as a French and Spanish protectorate left Moroccan intellectuals the opportunity to exchange and to produce literary works freely enjoying the contact of other Arabic literature and Europe. Les automnes, quant à eux, peuvent devenir très pluvieux et aux périodes de sécheresse s'ensuivent des périodes de fortes pluies orageuses. [citation needed] Several Moroccan professional players have competed in international competition, and the country fielded its first Davis Cup team in 1999. In 2002, Morocco and Spain agreed to a US-brokered resolution over the disputed island of Perejil. [18] (Berber had been the native language of Morocco before the Muslim conquest in the seventh century C.E. Extreme heat and low moisture levels are especially pronounced in the lowland regions east of the Atlas range due to the rain shadow effect of the mountain system. The current government is headed by Saadeddine Othmani. A month later Spain forsook its protectorate in Northern Morocco to the new state but kept its two coastal enclaves (Ceuta and Melilla) on the Mediterranean coast which dated from earlier conquests. He is a cautious moderniser who has introduced some economic and social liberalisation.[56]. That party subsequently provided most of the leadership for the nationalist movement. This article is about the country in North Africa. From the 11th century onwards, a series of Berber dynasties arose. In 1991, a ceasefire agreement was reached, but the issue of sovereignty remained unresolved. In the 530s, the Eastern Roman Empire, under Byzantine control, re-established direct imperial rule of Septum and Tingi, fortified Tingis, and erected a church. ], a indiqué Saïd Zarrou[Qui ? Mendler Lot de 2 chaises … The Baháʼí Faith community, located in urban areas, numbers 350 to 400 persons. The remainder of the Jewish population is dispersed throughout the country. [citation needed], The religious affiliation in the country was estimated by the Pew Forum in 2010 as 99% Muslim, with all remaining groups accounting for less than 1% of the population. D'après le calendrier arrêté, les travaux dureront entre 2010 et 2014. [191] The country's under-five mortality rate dropped by 60% between 1990 and 2011. The direct exposure to the North Atlantic Ocean, the proximity to mainland Europe and the long stretched Rif and Atlas mountains are the factors of the rather European-like climate in the northern half of the country. Une fois que les sites commenceront à tourner à plein régime, ce seront soixante-cinq mille emplois qui vont être créés, dont trente mille directs et trente-cinq mille indirects. It is a base for tours to the Atlas Mountains. In 1944, the Moroccan Cinematographic Center (CCM), the nation's film regulatory agency, was established. The Assembly of Representatives of Morocco (Majlis an-Nuwwâb/Assemblée des Répresentants) has 325 members elected for a five-year term, 295 elected in multi-seat constituencies and 30 in national lists consisting only of women. The most commonly eaten red meat in Morocco is beef; lamb is preferred but is relatively expensive. Les travaux démarreront en 2009 et seront achevés en 2014.[réf. [citation needed], Culturally speaking, Morocco has always been successful in combining its Berber, Jewish and Arabic cultural heritage with external influences such as the French and the Spanish and, during the last decades, the Anglo-American lifestyles.[158][159][160]. However, the Siege of Melilla against the Spanish ended in defeat in 1775. The reign of Ahmad al-Mansur brought new wealth and prestige to the Sultanate, and a large expedition to West Africa inflicted a crushing defeat on the Songhay Empire in 1591. Morocco was the first country in the world to recognise US sovereignty (in 1777). The Moroccan government has launched a project to build a solar thermal energy power plant[115] and is also looking into the use of natural gas as a potential source of revenue for Morocco's government. The Iberomaurusian culture was succeeded by the Beaker culture in Morocco. To the north, Morocco is bordered by the Strait of Gibraltar, where international shipping has unimpeded transit passage between the Atlantic and Mediterranean. [92][93] It is illegal to proselytise for any religion other than Islam (article 220 of the Moroccan Penal Code), and that crime is punishable by a maximum of 15 years of imprisonment. The Majorelle botanical garden in Marrakech is a popular tourist attraction. The Spanish lost more than 13,000 soldiers at Annual in July–August 1921. [68][69] This trade is unregulated and causing unknown reductions of wild populations of native Moroccan wildlife. Le chantier sera ouvert en 2012 pour s'achever en 2020[réf. ( 51,4% [6] contre 26,7% sur l'ensemble du territoire [7] ). Some 350,000 civilians were reported as being involved in the "Green March". Remaining challenges include a low level of wastewater treatment (only 13% of collected wastewater is being treated), lack of house connections in the poorest urban neighbourhoods, and limited sustainability of rural systems (20 percent of rural systems are estimated not to function). The most common is whole grain coarse ground or white flour bread. In 2006, the Spanish Premier Zapatero visited Spanish enclaves. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. [72], Morocco was an authoritarian regime according to the Democracy Index of 2014. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith in the 11th and 12th centuries under the Almoravid and Almohad dynasties, when it encompassed parts of Iberia as well as part of northwestern Africa. Climate change is expected to significantly impact Morocco on multiple dimensions. It is part of the Mediterranean basin, an area with exceptional concentrations of endemic species undergoing rapid rates of habitat loss, and is therefore considered to be a hotspot for conservation priority. Due to the conflict over Western Sahara, the status of the Saguia el-Hamra and Río de Oro regions is disputed. It is situated in the Tangiers free economic zone and serves as a logistics hub for Africa and the world. [52] The rebellion was eventually suppressed by French and Spanish troops. [155], According to a 2012 study by the Government of Spain, 98% of Moroccans spoke Moroccan Arabic, 63% spoke French, 43% Amazigh, 14% spoke English, and 10% spoke Spanish.[156]. Most foreign resident Christians reside in the Casablanca, Tangier, and Rabat urban areas. [15] Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 (274,460 sq mi) and has a population of over 37 million. The Alaouite dynasty, which rules Morocco to this day, seized power in 1631. Nador a été choisie pour abriter le deuxième plus grand siège régional de la Banque populaire du Maroc comme indique un communiqué de presse[réf. Water supply and sanitation in Morocco is provided by a wide array of utilities. Nador bénéficie d'un climat méditerranéen. An extension of the line to Marrakesh is already being planned. Rugby came to Morocco in the early 20th century, mainly by the French who occupied the country. [59], Morocco is represented in the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 geographical encoding standard by the symbol MA. [5], It is estimated that between 41%[128] to 80% of residents have Berber ancestral origins. Nador comptait, en 2014, 161 726 habitants. Approximately 89.8% of the whole population can communicate to some degree in Moroccan Arabic. The matter was resolved at the Algeciras Conference in 1906. Il n'y pleut que rarement et ce, quelques minutes seulement. Hicham El Guerrouj won gold medals for Morocco at the 2004 Summer Olympics in the 1500 metres and 5000 metres and holds several world records in the mile run. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0. This is a result of the centuries-long interaction of Morocco with the outside world. Cette lagune, longue de vingt-cinq km et d'une superficie de 4 000 ha, est destinée à devenir une station balnéaire constituée d'un ensemble de sept zones abritant chacune des complexes résidentiels, des hôtels, des infrastructures de sport et de loisirs ainsi que des espaces pour des activités économiques et sociales.